Heating Zinc Oxide

Zinc Oxide Experiment :

 Aim

- What change happens when we heat Zinc Oxide?

Equipment

- Bunsen Burner, Heat Mat, Tripod, Safety Glasses, Crucible, Crucible Holder, and Zinc Oxide.

Results

- When the heat was added, the Zinc Oxide slowly turned yellow and when we turned off the heat, the Zinc Oxide gradually turned to its original white state.

Discussion

- As the Zinc Oxide Gets heated, Oxigen will be reduced which causes the electrons within the Zinc Oxide to move between levels and as a result turning it into a different colour. When heat is then removed, Oxygen will then gradually be added to the Zinc Oxide which will convert it back to its original state. 

Cyber Safety

Cyber Safety/Cyber Security

Cybersecurity is what minimizes crime and harm in the virtual world.

Passwords

- Having a secure password will protect any of your private information but when your password consists of numbers that are up to one to the thousands, computers will easily detect or find what your passwords are in less than a second, this is why most websites that ask for you to make a password to include 8 or more characters and even that is fairly easy for a computer to solve, so it is recommended that using uppercase letters including numbers.  

The Black Death

The black death        

The black death was one of the deadliest plagues ever recorded in history, killing a third of Europe and the same happened in Asia, Africa and other countries. Death usually occurred after a week or two.

The three types of Plague

Bubonic

- The bubonic plague was the most common type of plague. It got its name from the swollen lymph nodes called buboes that typically develops after the first week a person is infected by the disease.

Symptoms

- Buboes situated in the armpit, neck and groin

- Buboes about the size of chicken eggs

- Headaches 

- Fever and vomiting

Pneumonic 

- The pneumonic plague affects the lungs and is the least common type of plague but it is the most dangerous because it can easily spread from person to person just by coughing.

Symptoms

- Cough, with bloody mucus 

- Difficulty breathing

- Nausea and vomiting

- High fever

- Headache

- Weakness

- Chest pain

Septicemic

- Septicemic plague occurs when the plague bacteria or disease enter and multiply in a person's bloodstream

Symptoms 

- Fever and chills

- Extreme weakness

- Abdominal pain, diarrhoea and vomiting

- Bleeding from your mouth, nose or rectum, or under your skin

- Shock

- Blackening and death of tissue 

Mixing and separating (Filtration) - Experiment

 Mixing and separating (Filtration) - Experiment 

Aim                                                                                                                                                                     - To separate a solution from a precipitate (precipitate is the name for a solid that forms in a liquid during a chemical reaction).

Using Copper sulfate and Sodium carbonate

Hypothesis                                                                                                                                                            - I think that the colour of a mixture made with Copper sulfate (blue) and Sodium carbonate (clear) will definitely change when mixing the two liquids together. Since we are using two liquids to create a solution and then filtering it, I don't think two liquids can be filtered because a substance can only be filtred if a mixture consists of a solid and a liquid. 

Results

Observation                                                                                                                                                        - When we mixed the two liquids together, the mixture turned into a cloudy darker blue, we started seeing tiny pices of solids form in the liquid and the two liquids became a solid and a liquid. after filtering the mixture separed into a clear liquid and a blue solid.

Conlution                                                                                                                                                            - When mixing Copper sulfate and Sodium carbonate together, the Copper and Sodium switch places which turns the two liquids into Copper carbonate and Sodium sulfate, and since Copper carbonte is insoluable, mixing it with Sodium sulfate and then filtering it can cause the two sun=bstances to separate from eachother. 

Mixing & Dissolving

Mixture - A substance made by combining/mixing two or more substances together. 

Dissolving - When a substance becomes part of a liquid.

Mixing and Dissolving (Experiment)

We started our experiment by getting the equipment we needed.

- A large beaker 

- A smaller beaker

- A spatula

- Granulated sugar

We then put 50ml of cold water in the big beaker, we put a 1 spatula of sugar in and started stirring the solution. we timed how long It will take for the sugar to dissolve in the cold water. we started the timer as soon as we put in the sugar and stopped the timer as soon as we don't see any granules of sugar and have made sure the sugar is fully dissolved.

We did the same thing with the hot water with exact same measurements but ended up with completely different results.

We then did the experiment without stirring and got completely different results on how long it took for the sugar to dissolve with the help of stirring and without.

                                            Time in seconds             Total            Average

Coldwater with stirring - 59s, 58s, 61s, 55s, 41s         274s                 54s  

Hot water with stirring - 25s, 26s, 37s, 31s                 119s               29.75s 

Hot water no stirring - 46s, 31s, 90s, 87s, 127s           381s               76.2s

Coldwater no stirring - 41s, 31s, 156s, 231s, 360s      819s               163.8s

Chemicals - Matter (Can Experiment)

This week in Chemical, we are learning about matter.

Heated Can and Coldwater Experiment

We have conducted an experiment using Cans with hot water and buckets with cold water to see what would happen when you put a heated can in cold water.

We started by boiling the Can with hot water and waiting for lots of steam to come out of the top, we then put the Can with boiling water in the cold water and it immediately crushed the Can. 

How did this happen?

When we heated the water in the can, it turned into steam. When you put the can upside down in cold water, the steam condenses and the Can fill with hot gas, contracts because of the changes in pressure and temperature. 

Chemicals - Matter

This week in Chemicals, we are learning about Matter and Particle Theory. We have learnt lots of thing about Matter but what is Particle Theory?

Particle Theory

Particle Theory is about how particles in things such as solid, liquid and gas move and interact with each other. All matter is made out of particles, whether if its a solid, liquid or gas and all particles in a pure substance are the same. Ther is a space between all particles and the more solid an object is, the tighter the space between the particles are. All particles are always moving and liquids and gases move more freely than solids since solid particles can only vibrate instead of moving around freely on its own. There are attractive forces between particles and solids have the most attractive force because it holds all the particles together. Temperature affects the speed at which particles move, the more kinetic energy and heat are made the more it will affect the speed of which the particles move and the more cold and freezing the particles are, the more it slows down the kinetic energy, therefore an object solidifies.

Diffusion

Diffusion is the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration. An example of Diffusion is when someone sprays perfume on themselves, the people near that person will smell the perfume first and other people further from the person will smell it last.

Experiment

We have used potassium permanganate to see if particles move slower or faster in cold or warm water.

I have noticed that particles move slower in cold water and particles move quicker in warm water.